Frugal and reverse innovation - Literature overview and case study insights from a German MNC in India and China

Nivedita Agarwal, Alexander Brem · 2012

Summary. Western multinational corporations operating in India and China develop affordable products with essential features through frugal and reverse innovation, then introduce these solutions to developed markets. A German MNC case study shows that success in emerging markets requires complete localization, identifying core customer values, and balancing both innovation types in the product portfolio.

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Agarwal, N., & Brem, A.. (2012). Frugal and reverse innovation - Literature overview and case study insights from a German MNC in India and China. https://doi.org/10.1109/ice.2012.6297683

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  title   = {Frugal and reverse innovation - Literature overview and case study insights from a German MNC in India and China},
  author  = {Nivedita Agarwal and Alexander Brem},
  year    = {2012},
  doi     = {10.1109/ice.2012.6297683},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ice.2012.6297683}
}

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TI  - Frugal and reverse innovation - Literature overview and case study insights from a German MNC in India and China
AU  - Nivedita Agarwal
AU  - Alexander Brem
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1109/ice.2012.6297683
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Details

DOI: 10.1109/ice.2012.6297683
Countries: Germany, India, China
Regions: Europe, Asia
Categories: innovation-theory, regional-innovation-systems, general-innovation
Added: 2026-04-28