Efficiency and effectiveness between open and closed innovation: empirical evidence in South Korean manufacturers

Young-Im Bae, Hyunjoon Chang · 2012 · Technology Analysis and Strategic Management

Summary. This study compares open and closed innovation approaches in South Korean manufacturers, introducing new performance measures called efficiency and effectiveness. The research finds that firms using open innovation—acquiring technology and knowledge from external sources—demonstrate significantly higher efficiency and effectiveness than closed innovation firms. The findings demonstrate that external knowledge acquisition positively impacts firm performance.

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@article{bae-2012-efficiency-effectiveness-between-open-closed,
  title   = {Efficiency and effectiveness between open and closed innovation: empirical evidence in South Korean manufacturers},
  author  = {Young-Im Bae and Hyunjoon Chang},
  journal = {Technology Analysis and Strategic Management},
  year    = {2012},
  doi     = {10.1080/09537325.2012.724164},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2012.724164}
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Efficiency and effectiveness between open and closed innovation: empirical evidence in South Korean manufacturers
AU  - Young-Im Bae
AU  - Hyunjoon Chang
JO  - Technology Analysis and Strategic Management
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1080/09537325.2012.724164
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2012.724164
ER  - 

Details

DOI

10.1080/09537325.2012.724164

Countries

South Korea

Regions

Asia

Categories

innovation-theory, regional-innovation-systems, general-innovation

Added

2026-04-28