Frugal innovation, sustainable innovation, reverse innovation: why do they look alike? Why are they different?

Christian Le Bas · 2016 · Journal of Innovation Economics & Management

Summary. This paper compares three types of innovation: frugal, sustainable, and reverse innovation. The author argues these are distinct concepts with different objectives, firm strategies, and macroeconomic effects. Frugal innovation represents a new technological paradigm, sustainable innovation directs efforts toward social and environmental needs, and reverse innovation reflects shifting global knowledge flows. The paper consolidates fragmented literature on these innovation types.

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@article{bas-2016-frugal-innovation-sustainable-innovation-reverse,
  title   = {Frugal innovation, sustainable innovation, reverse innovation: why do they look alike? Why are they different?},
  author  = {Christian Le Bas},
  journal = {Journal of Innovation Economics & Management},
  year    = {2016},
  doi     = {10.3917/jie.021.0009},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.3917/jie.021.0009}
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Frugal innovation, sustainable innovation, reverse innovation: why do they look alike? Why are they different?
AU  - Christian Le Bas
JO  - Journal of Innovation Economics & Management
PY  - 2016
DO  - 10.3917/jie.021.0009
UR  - https://doi.org/10.3917/jie.021.0009
ER  - 

Details

DOI

10.3917/jie.021.0009

Countries

France

Regions

Europe

Categories

innovation-theory, general-innovation

Added

2026-04-28