Opportunity, necessity, and no one in the middle: A closer look at small, rural, and female‐led entrepreneurship in the United States

Tessa Conroy, Sarah A. Low · 2021 · Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy

Summary. Female entrepreneurs in rural America start businesses at higher rates in both the poorest and wealthiest counties, following a U-shaped pattern tied to per capita income. The poorest counties show necessity-driven entrepreneurship, while the wealthiest show opportunity-driven ventures. This finding supports place-based policies that address the distinct challenges women face in rural economic development.

Read the original

Cite this article

Conroy, T., & Low, S. A.. (2021). Opportunity, necessity, and no one in the middle: A closer look at small, rural, and female‐led entrepreneurship in the United States. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy. https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13193

@article{conroy-2021-opportunity-necessity-no-one-middle,
  title   = {Opportunity, necessity, and no one in the middle: A closer look at small, rural, and female‐led entrepreneurship in the United States},
  author  = {Tessa Conroy and Sarah A. Low},
  journal = {Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy},
  year    = {2021},
  doi     = {10.1002/aepp.13193},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13193}
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Opportunity, necessity, and no one in the middle: A closer look at small, rural, and female‐led entrepreneurship in the United States
AU  - Tessa Conroy
AU  - Sarah A. Low
JO  - Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy
PY  - 2021
DO  - 10.1002/aepp.13193
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13193
ER  -

Details

DOI: 10.1002/aepp.13193
Countries: United States
Regions: North America
Categories: entrepreneurship, policy, rural-data-and-definitions
Added: 2026-04-28