Optimized design of a hybrid renewable energy system with biogas energy storage for sustainable rural electrification: A case study in Sempu, East Java, Indonesia
Summary. This study designs and optimizes a hybrid renewable energy system for a remote Indonesian village, combining solar, wind, geothermal, and biogas energy with biogas-based storage instead of batteries. The optimal configuration costs $309,767 with an energy cost of $0.14/kWh and serves 1,650 residents. Biogas storage proved cheaper than batteries while remaining environmentally viable. The system becomes cost-competitive with grid extension beyond 2.6 km distance and remains scalable through 2050.
Cite this article
Diyono, D., Onwuanaku, V., Cappon, H., Kujawa-Roeleveld, K., & Keesman, K. J.. (2026). Optimized design of a hybrid renewable energy system with biogas energy storage for sustainable rural electrification: A case study in Sempu, East Java, Indonesia. Energy Reports. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2026.109288
Diyono, Diyono, et al. “Optimized design of a hybrid renewable energy system with biogas energy storage for sustainable rural electrification: A case study in Sempu, East Java, Indonesia.” Energy Reports, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2026.109288.
Diyono, Diyono, Victor Onwuanaku, Hans Cappon, Katarzyna Kujawa-Roeleveld, and Karel J. Keesman. 2026. “Optimized design of a hybrid renewable energy system with biogas energy storage for sustainable rural electrification: A case study in Sempu, East Java, Indonesia.” Energy Reports. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2026.109288.
@article{diyono-2026-optimized-design-hybrid-renewable-energy,
title = {Optimized design of a hybrid renewable energy system with biogas energy storage for sustainable rural electrification: A case study in Sempu, East Java, Indonesia},
author = {Diyono Diyono and Victor Onwuanaku and Hans Cappon and Katarzyna Kujawa-Roeleveld and Karel J. Keesman},
journal = {Energy Reports},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.1016/j.egyr.2026.109288},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2026.109288}
}
TY - JOUR TI - Optimized design of a hybrid renewable energy system with biogas energy storage for sustainable rural electrification: A case study in Sempu, East Java, Indonesia AU - Diyono Diyono AU - Victor Onwuanaku AU - Hans Cappon AU - Katarzyna Kujawa-Roeleveld AU - Karel J. Keesman JO - Energy Reports PY - 2026 DO - 10.1016/j.egyr.2026.109288 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2026.109288 ER -
Details
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.egyr.2026.109288
- Countries
- Indonesia
- Regions
- Asia
- Categories
- energy, climate-and-environment, general-innovation
- Added
- 2026-08-01