Open R&D and open innovation: exploring the phenomenon

Ellen Enkel, Oliver Gassmann, Henry Chesbrough · 2009 · R and D Management

Summary. Open innovation—where organizations combine internal and external knowledge for R&D—has become strategically important. Research shows three main processes: outside-in (acquiring external knowledge), inside-out (sharing internal knowledge), and coupled approaches. The paper argues that organizations must understand where open innovation creates value and adapt their R&D management methods accordingly, considering strategic, organizational, and business implications.

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@article{enkel-2009-open-r-amp-d-open,
  title   = {Open R&D and open innovation: exploring the phenomenon},
  author  = {Ellen Enkel and Oliver Gassmann and Henry Chesbrough},
  journal = {R and D Management},
  year    = {2009},
  doi     = {10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00570.x},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00570.x}
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Open R&D and open innovation: exploring the phenomenon
AU  - Ellen Enkel
AU  - Oliver Gassmann
AU  - Henry Chesbrough
JO  - R and D Management
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00570.x
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00570.x
ER  - 

Details

DOI

10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00570.x

Countries

Germany, Switzerland, United States

Regions

Europe, North America

Categories

innovation-theory, innovation-networks, general-innovation

Added

2026-04-28