Incubation of incubators: innovation as a triple helix of university-industry-government networks

Henry Etzkowitz · 2002 · Science and Public Policy

Summary. University business incubators have evolved from isolated entities into networked innovation hubs where universities, industry, and government collaborate. These incubators transform research into new products and firms by combining R&D resources across sectors. Government funding and regulatory changes enable this triple-helix model, shifting innovation from linear knowledge transfer to interactive, collaborative development.

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Etzkowitz, H.. (2002). Incubation of incubators: innovation as a triple helix of university-industry-government networks. Science and Public Policy. https://doi.org/10.3152/147154302781781056

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Details

DOI: 10.3152/147154302781781056
Countries: United States
Regions: North America
Categories: innovation-networks, regional-innovation-systems, funding, general-innovation
Added: 2026-04-28