Networks of Innovation: Science, Technology and Development in the Triple Helix Era

Henry Etzkowitz · 2002 · International Journal of Technology Management and Sustainable Development

Summary. Universities, industry, and government must collaborate through triple helix networks to drive knowledge-based development. Universities expand their missions beyond research to include economic and social development, shifting from individual to organizational focus. This networked approach fills technology and social capital gaps. Examples from the European Union, Canada, and Brazil demonstrate how triple helix models support firm formation and innovation incubation.

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Etzkowitz, H.. (2002). Networks of Innovation: Science, Technology and Development in the Triple Helix Era. International Journal of Technology Management and Sustainable Development. https://doi.org/10.1386/ijtm.1.1.7

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  title   = {Networks of Innovation: Science, Technology and Development in the Triple Helix Era},
  author  = {Henry Etzkowitz},
  journal = {International Journal of Technology Management and Sustainable Development},
  year    = {2002},
  doi     = {10.1386/ijtm.1.1.7},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1386/ijtm.1.1.7}
}

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Details

DOI: 10.1386/ijtm.1.1.7
Countries: Canada, Brazil
Regions: North America, South America
Categories: innovation-networks, regional-innovation-systems, innovation-theory, general-innovation
Added: 2026-04-28