Triple Helix twins: innovation and sustainability

Henry Etzkowitz, Chunyan Zhou · 2006 · Science and Public Policy

Summary. The paper proposes adding a Sustainability Triple Helix model alongside the existing Innovation Triple Helix to address environmental and social dimensions. Rather than introducing a fourth helix that could weaken the model's creative dynamics, the authors suggest a complementary framework where universities, public institutions, and government collaborate on sustainability issues, while universities, industry, and government continue driving innovation.

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Etzkowitz, H., & Zhou, C.. (2006). Triple Helix twins: innovation and sustainability. Science and Public Policy. https://doi.org/10.3152/147154306781779154

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  title   = {Triple Helix twins: innovation and sustainability},
  author  = {Henry Etzkowitz and Chunyan Zhou},
  journal = {Science and Public Policy},
  year    = {2006},
  doi     = {10.3152/147154306781779154},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.3152/147154306781779154}
}

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TI  - Triple Helix twins: innovation and sustainability
AU  - Henry Etzkowitz
AU  - Chunyan Zhou
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Details

DOI: 10.3152/147154306781779154
Countries: United Kingdom, United States, China
Regions: Europe, North America, Asia
Categories: innovation-theory, regional-innovation-systems, general-innovation
Added: 2026-04-28