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Innovation by User Communities: Learning From Open-Source Software

Eric von Hippel · 2001 · MIT Sloan management review

Summary. User communities can develop complex products independently of manufacturers, as demonstrated by open-source software like Apache and user-designed windsurfing equipment. The paper examines how these loosely organized groups innovate to meet shared needs, sometimes collaborating with manufacturers and sometimes not. The Internet amplifies their capacity for collaboration and distribution, creating economic value that traditional business models struggle to explain.

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Hippel, E. V.. (2001). Innovation by User Communities: Learning From Open-Source Software. MIT Sloan management review. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2376660

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Categories
innovation-theory, innovation-networks, general-innovation
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2026-04-28