Open Source Software and the “Private-Collective” Innovation Model: Issues for Organization Science

Eric von Hippel, Georg von Krogh · 2003 · Organization Science

Summary. Open source software development represents a hybrid innovation model combining private investment and collective action. Developers solve their own problems while freely sharing innovations without capturing private returns, creating public goods. This private-collective model offers society advantages of both approaches and raises new research questions for organization science. The authors provide guidance on accessing open source project data and conducting empirical studies.

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Hippel, E. V., & Krogh, G. V.. (2003). Open Source Software and the “Private-Collective” Innovation Model: Issues for Organization Science. Organization Science. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.14.2.209.14992

@article{hippel-2003-open-source-software-private-collective,
  title   = {Open Source Software and the “Private-Collective” Innovation Model: Issues for Organization Science},
  author  = {Eric von Hippel and Georg von Krogh},
  journal = {Organization Science},
  year    = {2003},
  doi     = {10.1287/orsc.14.2.209.14992},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.14.2.209.14992}
}

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TI  - Open Source Software and the “Private-Collective” Innovation Model: Issues for Organization Science
AU  - Eric von Hippel
AU  - Georg von Krogh
JO  - Organization Science
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1287/orsc.14.2.209.14992
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Details

DOI: 10.1287/orsc.14.2.209.14992
Countries: United States, Switzerland
Regions: North America, Europe
Categories: innovation-theory, innovation-networks, general-innovation
Added: 2026-04-28