Methodological Framework for Panel-Data Estimation of Off-Grid System Adoption in Rwandan Rural Communities, 2021–2026

Jean Paul Nkurunziza, Jean de Dieu Uwimana, Claudine Uwera, Marie Aimee Mukamana · 2025 · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)

Summary. This paper presents a methodological framework for analyzing off-grid energy system adoption in rural Rwanda using panel data from 2021–2026. The authors develop a random-effects probit model to estimate adoption determinants across agricultural households surveyed biennially. Simulation exercises suggest seasonal agricultural income significantly increases adoption likelihood. The framework addresses limitations of cross-sectional studies by capturing temporal dynamics and household-level heterogeneity in technology adoption decisions.

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@article{nkurunziza-2025-methodological-framework-panel-data-estimation,
  title   = {Methodological Framework for Panel-Data Estimation of Off-Grid System Adoption in Rwandan Rural Communities, 2021–2026},
  author  = {Jean Paul Nkurunziza and Jean de Dieu Uwimana and Claudine Uwera and Marie Aimee Mukamana},
  journal = {Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)},
  year    = {2025},
  doi     = {10.5281/zenodo.19486496},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19486496}
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Methodological Framework for Panel-Data Estimation of Off-Grid System Adoption in Rwandan Rural Communities, 2021–2026
AU  - Jean Paul Nkurunziza
AU  - Jean de Dieu Uwimana
AU  - Claudine Uwera
AU  - Marie Aimee Mukamana
JO  - Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
PY  - 2025
DO  - 10.5281/zenodo.19486496
UR  - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19486496
ER  - 

Details

DOI

10.5281/zenodo.19486496

Countries

Rwanda

Regions

Africa

Categories

energy, rural-data-and-definitions, general-innovation

Added

2026-05-01