Triple Helix Systems: An Analytical Framework for Innovation Policy and Practice in the Knowledge Society

Marina Ranga, Henry Etzkowitz · 2013 · Industry and Higher Education

Summary. This paper develops the Triple Helix framework—university, industry, and government interactions—into a formal systems model for analyzing innovation. It identifies key components including R&D and non-R&D innovators, hybrid institutions, and individual actors. Five relationship types (technology transfer, collaboration, leadership, substitution, networking) connect these components across knowledge, innovation, and consensus spaces. The framework reveals how knowledge and resources circulate within regional innovation systems and identifies blockages that impede innovation.

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Ranga, M., & Etzkowitz, H.. (2013). Triple Helix Systems: An Analytical Framework for Innovation Policy and Practice in the Knowledge Society. Industry and Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2013.0165

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  title   = {Triple Helix Systems: An Analytical Framework for Innovation Policy and Practice in the Knowledge Society},
  author  = {Marina Ranga and Henry Etzkowitz},
  journal = {Industry and Higher Education},
  year    = {2013},
  doi     = {10.5367/ihe.2013.0165},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2013.0165}
}

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AU  - Marina Ranga
AU  - Henry Etzkowitz
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Details

DOI: 10.5367/ihe.2013.0165
Countries: United States
Regions: North America
Categories: innovation-theory, regional-innovation-systems, general-innovation
Added: 2026-04-28