Design and optimization of an energy storage system for off-grid rural communities

Zain Ul Abddin Soomro, Shoaib Ahmed Khatri, Nayyar Hussain Mirjat, Abdul Hannan Memon, Mohammad Aslam Uqaili, Laveet Kumar · 2026 · International Journal of Renewable Energy Development

Summary. This paper designs and optimizes an off-grid microgrid system for rural Pakistan using solar energy combined with three energy storage technologies: lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, and hydrogen storage. Using HOMER Pro simulation, the researchers find that sodium-ion batteries deliver the best economic performance, achieving the lowest net present cost and levelized cost of energy while maintaining 100% renewable energy fraction. Sensitivity analysis confirms the system's robustness against uncertain parameters.

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@article{soomro-2026-design-optimization-energy-storage-system,
  title   = {Design and optimization of an energy storage system for off-grid rural communities},
  author  = {Zain Ul Abddin Soomro and Shoaib Ahmed Khatri and Nayyar Hussain Mirjat and Abdul Hannan Memon and Mohammad Aslam Uqaili and Laveet Kumar},
  journal = {International Journal of Renewable Energy Development},
  year    = {2026},
  doi     = {10.61435/ijred.2026.61191},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.61435/ijred.2026.61191}
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Design and optimization of an energy storage system for off-grid rural communities
AU  - Zain Ul Abddin Soomro
AU  - Shoaib Ahmed Khatri
AU  - Nayyar Hussain Mirjat
AU  - Abdul Hannan Memon
AU  - Mohammad Aslam Uqaili
AU  - Laveet Kumar
JO  - International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
PY  - 2026
DO  - 10.61435/ijred.2026.61191
UR  - https://doi.org/10.61435/ijred.2026.61191
ER  - 

Details

DOI

10.61435/ijred.2026.61191

Countries

Pakistan

Regions

Asia

Categories

energy, regional-innovation-systems, general-innovation

Added

2026-04-29